PENGERTIAN HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

Disebutkan dalam Concise Oxford Dictionary, Hortatory termasuk kata sifat (adjective) bermakna "tending or aiming to exhort" ("cenderung atau bertujuan mendorong / mendesak orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu"). Sedangkan Exposition  bermakna "a comprehensive description and explanation of a theory" ("Penjelasan dan penjabaran sebuah teori secara komprehensif").

Jadi dapat disimpulkan, hortatory exposition adalah teks yang menjelaskan sebuah teori/masalah secara komprehensif dengan tujuan mendorong orang lain melakukan / tidak melakukan sesuatu.

Hortatory Exposition

Hortatory exposition adalah tipe pembicaraan atau penulisan teks yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kepada pendengar atau kepada pembaca tentang sesuatu yang sebaiknya atau yang tidak sebaiknya terjadi atau selesai. Untuk menguatkan penjelasan, pembicara atau penulis perlu beberapa argumen sebagai sebab pokok dari pemberian gagasan itu sendiri. Dalam arti lain, teks ini dapat disebut sebagai argumentasi.                                  

GENERIC STRUCTURE OF HORTATORY EXPOSITION

Generic Structure, atau susunan umum hortatory exposition adalah sebagai berikut :

1.  Thesis / General Statement

Thesis / general statement berisi pernyataan pembuka mengenai topik pembahasan.

2.  Arguments

Arguments, ”Pendapat” berisi berbagai pembahasan lanjutan dari thesis statement secara detail. Akan lebih baik jika argument ini tidak hanya berisi pendapat pribadi penulis saja tapi juga bisa berisi pendapat para pakar. Mengacu pada contoh thesis statement tentang rokok di atas, kita bisa membuat arguments pendukung dengan lebih detail.

3.  Recommendation.

Recommendation / suggestion berisi saran penulis tentang topik pembahasan.

A hortatory text has generic structures; they are thesis, arguments, and recommendation. Those generic structures should relate each others in order to support the essay itself. A brief explanation about the hortatory exposition will be explained as follow:

a. Thesis

In hortatory exposition, thesis is statement or announcement of issues concern. In other words, thesis also called as the background of the problem that will arise some arguments. Furthermore, thesis should be factual issues that most readers will know about it.

b. Argument

Argument means reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation. The arguments could be an agreement or disagreement to the thesis in hortatory expo text. Surely, the argument is the most fundamental part of generic structure of this text.

c. Recommendation

Is a statement of what should or shouldn’t happen or be done based on the given argument. The writer processes and presents a recommendation by combining and concluding some arguments of the text.

Teks Hortatory exposition dapat ditemukan dalam buku ilmiah atau sains, jurnal, majalah, artikel surat kabar, pidato atau ceramah akademik, laporan penelitian dan lain-lain. Hortatory exposition populer di antara sains, himpunan sarjana, dan orang berpendidikan lainnya. Struktur umum dari Hortatory exposition ;

Language Features:

 Here are the langugae features of hortatory exposition text, they are:1

1. The use of emotive words(e.g. worried, afraid, alarmed, etc)

2, The use of words that qualify the statements (usual, probably)

3, The use of words that link arguments ( firstly, however, therefore)

4. The use of compound and complex sentence

5. The use of modals and adverbs ( may, should, must)

6. The use of subjunctive opinions using pronouns I and we.

Fitur Bahasa Exposition Hortatory
1. Berfokus pada penulis
2. Menggunakan kata benda abstrak; kebijakan, keuntungan, dll
3. Menggunakan kata kerja tindakan
4. Menggunakan kata kerja berpikir
5. Menggunakan adverbia modal, tentu, pasti, dll
6. Menggunakan temporal ikat, pertama, kedua, dll
7. Evaluatif Menggunakan kata-kata; penting, berharga, dapat dipercaya, dll
8. Menggunakan pasif

CONTOH HORTATORY EXPOSITION

Contoh hortatory expostion ini diambil dari buku bahasa Inggris Interlanguage yang membahas tentang "Masyarakat Indonesia harus menghargai perbedaan budaya demi Kesatuan Bangsa." Mari kita simak...

Indonesian People Should Value All the Different Culture to Promote Unity of the Nation

Indonesia is a culturally-diverse country. Many different religions and cultures from many provinces are now seen living side by side in many places. One of the biggest questions facing Indonesian today is how to deal with a culturally diverse citizenry and then promote unity.

Therefore, Indonesians should appreciate differences among culture for the following reasons. Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its archipelago and culture diversity. Raising tolerance among people is the best way to maintain the unity among differences. Many ways or cultures of living are equally legal, even if they are not regarded as normal by some people. If a society claims to be tolerant of personal choice, then it must respect the personal choice to retain their heritage. Then, unity of the nation can be preserved.


Secondly, Indonesians must recognize that every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus, people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can allow for cultural development and cultural exchange that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural understanding among cultures makes the world a better place and preserves the unity of the nation.


Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow feeling between group members. This promotes cooperation and social cohesion within the group. The sense of social cooperation makes welfare, social security and medical programs much more likely and stronger.


Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive matter for people. Indonesian people must teach younger generation about the importance of the cultural identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation.

Hortatory Exposition

Dear student…

Pada semester sebelumnya kalian pasti sudah mengenal jenis teks analytical expostion, di semester ini kalian akan mempelajari jenis teks exposition yang lainnya, yaitu hortatory exposition. Teks hortatory exposition berisi tentang teks yang mengemukakan alasan-alasan dengan tujuan untuk membujuk pendengar atau pembaca agar mau mengikuti apa yang dikemukakan penulis. Dalam pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kita tentu sudah mengenal teks persuasi, yang sama isinya dengan teks hortatory.

Teks hortatory di awali dengan Thesis, yaitu menuliskan opini penulis tentang suatu masalah. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan argumen, yaitu alasan-alasan yang mendukung pendapat penulis. Terakhir, menuliskan saran atau nasihat.

Contoh Teks hortatory dalam bentuk surat:

Dear Editor,

We are writing to complain about ads on TV. There are so many ads, especially during our favourite programmes. We think they should be stopped for a number of reasons.
First, ads are nuisance. They go on for a long time and there are so many. Sometimes there seems to be more ads than programmes.
Second, ads are bad influence on people. They try to encourage people to buy unhealthy food like beer, soft drink, candy and chips. And they make people want things they do not really need and can not.
Finally, the people who make ads have too much say in what programmes people watch. That is because they want to put all their ads on popular programs that a lot of people watch. Some programmes which are not so popular get stopped because they do not attract enough ads, even though those programmes may be someone’s favourite.
For those reasons, we think TV station should stop showing ads. They interrupt programmes. They are bad influences on people, and they are sometimes put a stop to people’s favourite shows. We are sick of ads, and now we mostly watch other channels.

David

Coba perhatikan teks di atas. Paragraf pertama berisi thesis, yang dilanjutkan dengan arguments (alasan) di paragraf 2, 3, dan 4. Paragraf ke 5 berisi tentang recommendation (saran). Isi dari paragraf terakhir inilah yang membedakan teks horatatory dan analytical.

Text

Should not bring mobile phone to school

Recently most people own mobile phone. Why does mobile phone user increase dramatically in recent years ? first, the feature and functions has increased. Mobile phone is not used just for calling for but sending text, taking pictures, recording videos, accessing internet, playing games and much more. Second, mobile phone has also become a lot cheaper. Now this communication device doesn’t only fll the pocket of adult but also teenager and student. Even a lot phones are internationally designed to teenaged market. However should they be allowed to bring them to school.

Many schools don’t allow students to bring cell phone to school its very reasonable because bringing phone to school potentially disturbs the learning process. Most students use cell phone irresponsibly. They use ceell phones to talk to their friend during class as well. I hose potentially lead less concentration in the time of learning and teaching proccess.

Students go to school  to learn and behave fair way. Mobile phone provide a large temptation to cheat in tests. They can communicate to anyone and almost anywhere in the world. Because of the small size of the cell phone. Students can send a text quietly and discreetly. The text can go unnoticed anywhere to get help in answering tests, homework, and other class assignment. Learning in school is to behave fair not cheating.

Therefore, school should ban student from bringing their cell phone. However it should be done fairly. In case an emergency some student need a call for help, providing easy acces to phone is better.

Sebaiknya Tidak Membawa Ponsel ke Sekolah

         Baru-baru ini, sebagian besar orang sudah memiliki ponsel. Kenapa pengguna ponsel terus meningkat di tahun terakhir ? pertama, fitur dan fungsinya sudah bertambah. Ponsel tidak hanya digunakan untuk menelfon tapi juga untuk mengirimkan pesan teks, Mengambil gambar, merekam video, akses internet, bermain game dan banyak lagi. Kedua, ponsel sudah lebih murah. Sekarang alat komunikasi ini tidak hanya mengisi saku orang dewasa namun juga remaja dan pelajar. Rata-rata kebanyakan ponsel yang didesain secara internasional laku dipasaran. Bagaimanapun juga sebaiknya mereka diizinkan untuk membawa ponsel ke sekolah.

         Banyak sekolah yang tidak mengizinkan siswanya untuk membawa ponsel ke sekolah ini sangat beralasan karena membawa ponsel kesekolah berpotensi mengganggu proses pembelajaran. Kebanyakan siswa menggunakan ponsel dengan tidak bertanggung jawab. Mereka menelfon temannya pada waktu pembelajaran dikelas berlangsung . Saya pikir hal ini dapat mengurangi konsentrasi pada saat proses belajar mengajar berlangsung.

Siswa pergi kesekolah untuk belajar dan berkelakuan yanng adil. Ponsel menyediakan sebuah godaan yang besar untuk menyontek dalam ujian. Mereka dapat berkomunikasi dengan siapa saja dan hampir dimana saja diseluruh dunia. Karena ukuran yang kecil dari sebuah ponsel, siswa dapat mengirim pesan teks diam-diam dan berhati-hati. Teksnya bisa saja tidak diketahui darimana saja bantuan bisa datang untuk menjawab ujian, PR, dan tugas kelas yang lainnya. Belajar di sekoalah adalah untuk berlaku adil bukan untuk menyontek.

      Oleh karena itu, sekolah sebaiknya melarang para siswa untuk membawa ponsel kesekolah . Bagaimanapun juga, itu merupakan hal yang wajar. Dalam sebuah kasus darurat, siswa perlu menelfon untuk mendapatkan bantuan, lebih baik menyediakan fasilitas akses yang mudah untuk metelefon.